Java Data Types & Operators.

 

Java Data Types

Data types are divided into two groups:

• Primitive data types - Under it you will use byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean and char
• Non-primitive data types - Under it you will use String, Arrays and Classes

• Primitive Data Types: A primitive data type specifies the size and type of variable values, and it has no additional methods. There are eight primitive data types in Java:

Data Type	Size	Description
byte	1 byte	Stores whole numbers from -128 to 127
short	2 bytes	Stores whole numbers from -32,768 to 32,767
int	4 bytes	Stores whole numbers from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
long	8 bytes	Stores whole numbers from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
float	4 bytes	Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 6 to 7 decimal digits
double	8 bytes	Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 15 decimal digits
boolean	1 bit	Stores true or false values
char	2 bytes	Stores a single character/letter or ASCII values

Literals in Java:
A literal is a fixed value that we assign to a variable in a Program.
int n=10;
Here value 10 is a Integer literal.
Integer literals are assigned to the variables of data type byte, short, int and long.
Float Literals are assigned to the variables of data type float and double.
Char and String Literal Used for char and String type.

Non-Primitive Data Types: Non-primitive data types are called reference types because they refer to objects. Non-primitive types are created by the programmer and is not defined by Java (except for String).

Examples of non-primitive types are Strings, Arrays, Classes, Interface, etc.
Java Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. Java divides the operators into the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Bitwise operators

Java Arithmetic Operators

These operators are used to perform mathematical operations.

Operator	Name	Description	Example
+	Addition	Adds together two values	x + y
-	Subtraction	Subtracts one value from another	x - y
*	Multiplication	Multiplies two values	x * y
/	Division	Divides one value by another	x / y
%	Modulus	Returns the division remainder	x % y
++	Increment	Increases the value of a variable by 1	++x
--	Decrement	Decreases the value of a variable by 1	--x

Java Assignment Operators

These operators are used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Example	Same As
=	x = 5	x = 5
+=	x += 3	x = x + 3
-=	x -= 3	x = x - 3
*=	x *= 3	x = x * 3
/=	x /= 3	x = x / 3
%=	x %= 3	x = x % 3
&=	x &= 3	x = x & 3
|=	x |= 3	x = x | 3
^=	x ^= 3	x = x ^ 3
>>=	x >>= 3	x = x >> 3
<<=	x <<= 3	x = x << 3

Java Relational Operators

These operators are used to compare two values:

Operator	Name	Example
==	Equal to	x == y
!=	Not equal	x != y
>	Greater than	x > y
<	Less than	x < y
>=	Greater than or equal to	x >= y
<=	Less than or equal to	x <= y

Java Logical Operators

These operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values:

Operator	Name	Description	Example
&&	Logical and	Returns true if both statements are true	x < 5 &&  x < 10
||	Logical or	Returns true if one of the statements is true	x < 5 || x < 4
!	Logical not	Reverse the result, returns false if the result is true	!(x < 5 && x < 10)

Java Bitwise Operators

These operators are used to perform binary logic with the bits of an integer or long integer.

Ope- rator	Desc- ription	Exa- mple	Same as	Result	Dec- imal
&	AND - Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1	5 & 1	0101 & 0001	0001	1
|	OR - Sets each bit to 1 if any of the two bits is 1	5 | 1	0101 | 0001	0101	5
~	NOT - Inverts all the bits	~ 5	~0101	1010	10
^	XOR - Sets each bit to 1 if only one of the two bits is 1	5 ^ 1	0101 ^ 0001	0100	4
<<	Zero-fill left shift - Shift left by pushing zeroes in from the right and letting the leftmost bits fall off	9 << 1	1001 << 1	0010	2
>>	Signed right shift - Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left and letting the rightmost bits fall off	9 >> 1	1001 >> 1	1100	12
>>>	Zero-fill right shift - Shift right by pushing zeroes in from the left and letting the rightmost bits fall off	9 >>> 1	1001 >>> 1	0100	4

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